Обучение глаголам to say, to speak, to tell, to talk

Методическая разработка для учащихся 4-х и 5-х классов

Задачей данного методического пособия является развитие и закрепление умения правильного понимания и употребления в речи глаголов to say, to speak, to tell, to talk в школах с углубленным изучением английского языка. Этот ряд глаголов представляет некоторую трудность для учащихся 4-х классов, несмотря на то, что эти глаголы учащиеся слышат на уроках английского языка с первого года обучения. Разработка включает все виды деятельности: чтение, говорение, аудирование и письмо. Разнообразные формы деятельности по закреплению материала вызывают интерес у школьников. Особый акцент ставится на упражнения, формирующие навык правильного употребления слова в контексте. Использование перевода с русского языка на английский и наоборот целесообразно для формирования четких языковых ассоциаций и закрепления правильного понимания значений слов. Данная разработка предваряет тему “Прямая и косвенная речь”.

THE MOST IMPORTANT LEXICAL POINTS

PART I. Theory and the first stage drill

1. to say – said; to say a word – сказать.
Translate it:
He said: “I am busy”.
He said to her: “I can’t help you.”
He said that he was busy.
“Say it again. I can’t hear well.”

2. to speak – spoke, to speak a foreign language, to speak at a meeting, to speak to/with somebody
Translate it:
He speaks in a loud voice. Can you speak a bit louder? (physical ability)
The professor spoke to the students. (a serious lecture, talk)
The orator spoke about our history. (a lecture)

3. to tell – told – рассказать, сказать, to tell somebody a story; to tell a lie / to tell the truth.
Translate it:
He told us that he was very busy. Tell Kate to help you!

4. to talk – разговаривать, болтать; to talk to/with somebody
Translate it:
Stop talking at the lesson! The teacher talked about a new book at the lesson.

A. Read the dialogue and see how the four verbs are used:
Teacher: Can you tell us about your last travel?
Helen: With pleasure. I traveled to Greece.
Teacher: Can you speak a bit louder?
Helen: Of course, I can. But Tom and Bill are talking, they don’t want to listen to me.
Tom: Yesterday you said it was Egypt.
Bill: She told us a lie!
Helen: Well, boys, I traveled to Greece and Egypt last summer. I told you the truth.
Teacher: O.K., boys, stop talking! What are we going to talk about?
Children: Let’s talk about Greece first.
Teacher: Well, Helen, show it to us on the map.

B. Read and learn it!
Daniel says he is from Russia, but he speaks very good English. I think he lived in England. Let’s talk to him about his English. It is so good! Yesterday he told us a very funny English story, he wrote new English words on the blackboard, we all listened to him and understood everything.

C. Read the story and pay attention to the words in bold type:
What a bad day it was! I talked with my classmate about my new dress. I thought we spoke in a very quiet voice but the teacher heard our talk. She said: “I say, these two girls are talking about clothes but we are having our mathematics lesson! I want, Helen, to speak with your mother! She took my record book and wrote in it: “Please, come over to the school. We must talk about your daughter.” Of course, my mother came to talk with the teacher. She put on her most beautiful dress and she looked so nice in it! When our maths teacher saw her she said to my mother; “Oh, you look so beautiful! What a nice dress you are wearing!” And the two women started talking about clothes. They forgot about my record book.

After reading the text read up the following sentences from the story.
1. Я болтала со своей подругой о своем новом платье.
2. Я думала, что мы говорили тихим голосом, но учительница услышала наш разговор.
3. Она сказала: “Девочки болтают о нарядах”.
4. “Я хочу поговорить с твоей мамой”.
5. “Мы должны поговорить о вашей дочери”.
6. Она сказала моей маме: “Какое красивое платье на вас!”
7. Две женщины стали болтать об одежде.

D. Match the sentences:

Say it again!	I can’t hear you.
Stop talking about it!	They never stop talking.
The girls are	It is very dull to talk
chatter-boxes.	about it.
Tell me the truth!	Be quiet, please.
I’ll speak to him	The pupils are working.
very seriously.	I don’t like when people
Speak in a lower	tell me lies.
voice.	He will listen to me.

E. Talk:
1. Do you speak in a loud voice when you answer at the lesson?
2. How many foreign languages can you speak?
3. What must you say when you are late?
4. What must you say when you want to ask about somebody’s health?
5. What do you talk about at your class meetings?
6. What are you fond of talking about with your friend?
7. Do your parents often talk to you about your school performance?
8. Can you tell us a fable, a funny story or an anecdote?
9. Do you ever tell lies?
10. Do you think we must always tell the truth?

PART II. Vocabulary

A. Fill in the gaps with suitable verbs:
1. – If you often _________ lies nobody believes you when you ________.
2. – What did you _________ about at your last literature lesson?
– The teacher ___________ about Easop who __________ wise fables hundreds of years ago.
3. – My grandmother always _______ to me: “Work hard! Don’t be lazy!” Why can’t I have fun sometimes?
4. – I can’t hear you Tom! Can you _______ a bit louder? I think something is wrong with your mobile phone.
5. – How many languages can you ______?
– I can _______ only one language – English.
– It’s not a good joke. You are Russian.
– You are right, but in Russian I get bad marks while in English I have only good marks. So I can ________ English.
6. – These two girls are chatter-boxes. They never stop _________ in class.
– And what do they do during the breaks? They ask us to ______ them what our homework is for the next lesson.
7. – Who __________ you Jane is ill? Look! She is _________ to Helen!
8. Pete is a very good story-teller. Yesterday he __________ us a very funny story. We enjoyed it greatly.
9. – The teacher was not pleased with our performance and _______ he was going to _____ very seriously with our parents.
10. – Look! John is running in the corridor. ______ him to stop and go to the teacher.
She is waiting for him.
11. – This cola is so cold! ____________ her not to drink it. She can fall ill.
12. – The hall was full. The principal __________ to the parents about new school programmes.

B. Work in pairs
Read the texts in English and in Russian, then your classmate reads the same text in Russian and you act as a translator and say it in English.
1. Geppetto made a wooden puppet. It looked like а real boy. The fairy turned the puppet into a real boy. Pinocchio could speak. In the morning Geppetto had a real surprise. “I can talk!” cried Pinocchio. “I can walk!” he said happily.

Джепетто сделал деревянную куклу, похожую на мальчика. Фея превратила его в настоящего мальчика. Пиноккио мог говорить. Утром у Джепетто был настоящий сюрприз. “Я могу говорить!” – кричал Пиноккио. “И я могу ходить”, – говорил он счастливо.

2. Pinocchio was a very naughty boy. Sometimes he told lies. When he told lies his nose grew longer. Не forgot the words of the kind fairy. She said to him: “Pinocchio, you must try to be good!”

Пиноккио был очень проказливым. Иногда он говорил неправду. Когда он говорил неправду, его нос становился длиннее. Он забыл слова доброй феи. Она сказала ему: “Постарайся быть хорошим мальчиком”.

3. Pinocchio had a friend called Candlewick. Candlewick was the laziest boy at school. One day he told Pinocchio that there was the most wonderful place in the world. “Tell me about it!” said Pinocchio. “Oh, it is a great place. There are no schools, teachers and books there,” said Candlewick.

У Пиноккио был друг Фитилёк. Фитилёк был самым ленивым мальчиком в школе. Однажды он рассказал Пиноккио, что в мире было самое чудесное место. “Расскажи мне о нём”, сказал Пиноккио. “О, это шикарное место. Там нет школ, учителей и книг”, сказал Фитилёк.

4. One morning Pinocchio looked at himself in the mirror and saw the donkey’s ears on his head. He began to cry. The little puppy who lived nearby came up to him and said: “You’ll be a donkey very soon. All lazy boys become donkeys in Boobie-land.”

Однажды утром Пиноккио посмотрел на себя в зеркало и увидел ослиные уши у себя на голове. Он начал плакать. Маленький щенок, который жил рядом, подошёл к нему и сказал: “Очень скоро ты будешь осликом. Все ленивые мальчики становятся осликами в стране дураков”.

С. Read the information presented by Pupil 1 and find a suitable response choosing from the answers given below. Pupil 2 is supposed to respond to the received information.

Pupil 1: Kate says she is leaving our school. Can it be true? She is fond of our school.
Pupil 2: _____________
Pupil 1: Next summer we are going to attend school till the middle of July like most British children.
Pupil 2: _____________
Pupil 1: I know why everybody wants to make friends with him. He always treats everybody with sweets.
Pupil 2: _____________
Pupil 1: We are not going to have any winter holidays. We finish school on the 31st of December.
Pupil 2: _____________
Pupil 1: In summer we will go to London and stay there for two weeks to have classes in English.
Pupil 2: _____________
Pupil 1: What about your new bike? You say it is just wonderful...
Pupil 2: _____________
Pupil 1: Helen is such a chatter-box. She never stops talking at the lessons.
Pupil 2: _____________

Choose the suitable response:
1. It was wonderful. My little brother broke it yesterday. Let’s talk about something else.
2. She always asks us to tell her our homework during the breaks. She is too busy in class.
3. You are telling a great lie. There is no school without winter holidays.
4. Why not? The teacher has told us the truth.
5. I am sorry but don’t tell lies about him, it is his sister who has done it.
6. She has told the truth. Her father is leaving for another country on business.
7. You are telling lies about him. He knows a lot and it is just fun to be with him.
8. Oh, no! Who has told you such a lie?
9. We can always talk about it later.

Note: One response is an extra one.

PART III. Listening

Listen to the text (which is taped) and find the English equivalents for the Russian sentences.
The extract from The Human Boy by Eden Phillpotts.
Chapter “Peters, Detective.”
Retold for the 5th form schoolchildren (tape)

PETERS, DETECTIVE

Peters has always been my chum from the first, so I can tell you about him better than anybody. I remember very well the day when he first came to Merivale School. It was a very cold day and I was in the big schoolroom sitting at the fire with Shortland and Fowle. The Doctor came in with a new boy and said, “Shortland and Maydew (Maydew is my name), this is Peters. Make him welcome.”¹ Then the Doctor went off to speak with the new boy’s mother, and Peters came down the room and said “Good evening” in a very quiet voice. He was thin and dark and when he warmed his hands at the fire, it was easy to see the light through them. He told us that his name was Vincent Peters and that he lived with his mother. His father was dead. One day we were talking about our future.
– “What are you going to be² when you grow up?” – I asked Peters.
– “I hope to be a detective,” he answered.
– “If you begin to do detective work here,” Shortland said, “you will have no friends, that I can tell you for sure.”³
The tea-bell rang at that moment and we all went into the hall. Peters sat next to me⁴ at table and told me much about Sherlock Holmes⁵. Then he showed me a picture of the great detective which he always carried with him.
– “I’m very glad that I’m so thin,” he said. “Maybe when I grow up, I shall look like Holmes.”

---

¹ Make him welcome. – Окажите ему радушный прием.
² What are you going to be… – Кем ты собираешься стать…
³ for sure – наверняка
⁴ next to me – рядом со мной
⁵ Sherlock Holmes – Шерлок Холмс, герой рассказов английского писателя Конан-Дойля, знаменитый сыщик

1. Я могу рассказать вам о нём лучше, чем кто-либо.
2. Профессор вошёл с новым мальчиком и сказал: “Shortland and Maydew, (Maydew – это моё имя), это Peters.”
3. Потом профессор ушёл поговорить с матерью нового мальчика, Peters сказал: “Добрый вечер!” очень тихим голосом.
4. Он сказал, что его звали Vincent Peters.
5. И вот однажды мы болтали о нашем будущем.
6. Я могу вам сказать наверняка.
7. Он рассказал мне много о Шерлоке Холмсе.

PART IV. Translation

Translate the sentences into English.
1. Первого сентября дети много рассказывали о своих каникулах.
2. Нехорошо говорить неправду.
3. Расскажи мне о своём новом питомце. Это собака?
4. Петя сказал нам правду. Но мы не поверили ему, потому что он часто хвастается.
5. Эта кукла может говорить.
6. Кукла может сказать: “Давай поиграем. Я хочу есть”.
7. Не скажу тебе об этом. Это наш сюрприз.
8. Мальчикам нравится говорить о футболе.
9. Расскажите нам смешную историю.
10. Учитель сказал нам: “Сегодня мы будем говорить о баснях”.
11. Он часто говорит неправду, и никто не хочет с ним дружить.

Translate the dialogue.
Девочка: “Бабушка, расскажи мне сказку”.
Бабушка: “Нет, давай поговорим о тебе, Полина”.
Полина: “Я знаю, что ты хочешь мне сказать”.
Бабушка: “Ты сказала маме неправду о новой книге”.
Полина: “Ты права, я не люблю книги о животных. Я люблю сказки. Ты рассказываешь мне очень интересные сказки”.
Бабушка: “Что ж, давай перестанем разговаривать о неприятных вещах. Слушай сказку!”