Present Perfect Tense
Form IV
PART I
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (Case 1)
1. Действие совершилось когда-то в прошлом или только что.
2. Информация об этом действии является важной и нужной для настоящего момента.
3. Мы или сообщаем о свершившемся факте, или интересуемся, имело ли место действие в прошлом.
We are interested in some fact, event or information at the present moment.
The action took place in the past but it is important for us now. We don’t want to know about the time, but we want to know if the action has taken place (имело место).
4. HOW DO WE BUILD THIS TENSE?
| 1 | 2 | |
| have/has | + | the third form of the verb |
| a regular verb | + | ed |
| an irregular verb: LEARN IT!!! |
5. IRREGULAR VERBS
Read them up after the teacher. (The students know the first and the second forms.)
| to do | did | done |
| to go | went | gone |
| to be | was/were | been |
| to come | came | come |
| to have | had | had |
| to give | gave | given |
| to read | read | read |
| to take | took | taken |
| to write | wrote | written |
| to see | saw | seen |
6. EXAMPLES
Read the English sentences and underline the tense forms of Present Perfect.
A. I have seen this film. Let’s talk about it. – Я видел этот фильм. Давай поговорим о нём.
B. He has had lunch, he is not hungry. – Он пообедал, он не голоден.
C. We have read a lot of books. – Мы прочитали много книг.
D. She has been to England. She can show us interesting photos. – Она была в Англии.
E. I have played this computer game. Could you give me another one? – Я играл в эту игру. Не мог бы ты дать мне другую?
F. She has washed the floor. Look! It is very clean! – Она помыла пол. Посмотри, он очень чистый.
7. ALREADY, JUST – уже, только что
The context indicates that the result of the action is important for the present moment.
Please, underline the sentences which contain information about the action which depends on the performed action.
A. I have already done my homework. I can play on the computer now.
B. Mum has just given me some money. It’s very hot, let’s go and buy ice cream.
C. They have just gone to the cinema. You can’t see them now.
D. The children have already changed their clothes. Now we can go to the theatre.
8. EVER, NEVER – когда-либо, никогда
MIND IT!
When we ask questions we are interested in the information or in the fact.
Read the questions and the answers.
A. Have you ever jumped down from a high tree? – No, I have never done it.
B. Has she ever traveled in a balloon? – No, she has never traveled in a balloon.
C. Have you ever taken a ride on a roller coaster? – No, I haven’t.
D. Have you ever had a picnic in the forest? – No, I have never had a picnic in the forest.
9. YET – еще нет (в отрицательных предложениях)
УЖЕ (в вопросительных предложениях)
Translate it into Russian:
– Have you read the book “Alice in Wonderland” yet?
– No, I haven’t read it yet, but my friend has just read it, and as for Pete, he has already read it.
***
– Have your parents given you a new computer yet?
– No, they haven’t given me a new computer yet. But they are going to buy one this weekend.
10. PRESENT PERFECT IN PRACTICE
I. Talk about yourself. Use for support:
I have not done it yet.
I have already done it.
Use: to dance with a girl (a boy), to travel in a balloon, to be in a Safari park, to ride on a skateboard, to ride on a snowboard, to skate, to go shopping alone, to go by underground alone, to eat marmalade, to plant a tree, to invite my teacher to my birthday party, to play chess, to write on the walls, to travel in space, to read a thick book in one day.
The scheme of the drill in the group: Pupil 1 talks about himself, the others listen and repeat the information concerning their classmate.
Pupil 1: I have already danced with a girl.
Pupil 2: Oh, he has already danced with a girl!
FOR REFERENCE (irregular verbs)
to ride – rode – ridden
to write – wrote – written
to eat – ate – eaten
to learn – learnt – learnt
to get – got – got
II. Fill in the gaps with the adverbs: already, ever, just, never, yet.
1. Has your friend __________ taken a ride on a horse?
2. I haven’t been to St. Petersburg ___________.
3. My parents have _________ given me a new bike. I am very happy.
4. Has Helen learnt to make a cake _________? She says she is going to make it herself.
5. We have ___________ lived in a tent __________.
6. The pupils have __________ read two books in English.
7. Jim has __________ invited me to his birthday.
III. Make up dialogues of your own. Use the support dialogues:
Topic: Traveling
– Have you ever been to Spain?
– It’s a pity but I haven’t been to Spain yet.
– Would you like to go there?
– Of course, I would like to go there.
Topic: Reading
– Have you read “Tom Sawyer” by Mark Twain yet?
– It’s a pity but I haven’t read it yet.
– And I have just (already) read it. It is very interesting. I can give you the book.
– Thanks. I would like to read it too.
***
– Have you read “Tom Sawyer” by Mark Twain yet?
– Yes, I have just (already) read it. I enjoyed it greatly. And what about you?
– Oh, I liked it too.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (Case 2)
Present Perfect is used to present an action which has taken place in a period of time which is not yet over: today, this week (month, year, term) and we talk about it now in the unfinished period of time.
I. Read the text and underline the words which indicate the unfinished period of time.
I feel happy today because today is Friday. I like Fridays because weekends begin on Fridays. Today we (the fourth formers) have had five lessons. This week I have got four “fours” and one “two” in P.E. – I had no school uniform. We haven’t had Drawing this week – the teacher is ill. We haven’t been on any excursion this term but we have written three tests in English. The third term is the longest and the most important one.
II. Let’s talk!
1. Have you had lunch at school today?
2. Have you written a test in Russian this week?
3. Have you got a “two” this month?
4. Have your parents given you a present this month?
5. Have you been to the cinema this month?
6. Have you been ill this term?
7. Have you read any interesting book this year?
8. Have you learnt many poems by heart this term?
III. Say what your friends (parents, relatives) have given you as birthday presents this year.
Those who have had their birthdays this year are asked to talk. The listeners speak about them from the third person.
PUPIL 1: My friends have given me a puppy this year.
PUPIL 2: Kate’s friends have given her a puppy this year.
VI. Render it into English:
1. Сегодня мой друг опять пригласил меня в кино. В этом месяце мы были в кино уже два раза. Но на этой неделе мы еще не ходили в кино.
2. – Ты сегодня играл в компьютер?
– Нет, я сегодня еще не играл в компьютер, зато я посмотрел целых два фильма по телевизору. А ты уже видел этот фильм?
3. – В этом году я еще никуда не путешествовал.
– А я уже путешествовал в Австрию.
ATTENTION! DON’T MIX UP “HAVE GOT” – иметь and “HAVE GOT” – получить
Read and compare:
1. Jane has got a lot of relatives: she has got two uncles, three aunts and five cousins. No wonder she has got a lot of presents on her birthday!
2. Dan looks very unhappy today. No wonder! He has got a bad mark in English today.
3. I am not going to watch TV today. I have got so much homework to do.
4. He is good at playing chess. He has got the first prize in our school!
PRESENT PERFECT and
PAST SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) IN COMPARISON
I. Read and reproduce close to the original.
1. Every summer Kate and her parents travel to the south, to the Crimea. Last summer they lived in the Crimea for two months. Now it is the end of June. Kate and her parents haven’t gone to the Crimea yet.
But they have bought new bathing-suits, shorts and T-shirts. They are going to go to the Crimea next week.
2. In winter Max skates a lot. He enjoys skating very much. But last winter it was warm. Max couldn’t go to the skating-rink in the open air. He went to skate to the stadium which was far from his home.
However (однако) Max’s father has just bought him new skates. He thinks it will be wise for his son to practice in all seasons. Max is now at the MEGA mall. He is skating there.
II. POLILOGUE (PAIR WORK)
The students read the English dialogues in pairs exchanging the parts and then do the same looking at the corresponding Russian dialogues. The aim of this drill is to make them realize that the “when” question requires the use of the Past Simple Tense.
| – Have you ever slept in a tent?
– No, I have never slept in a tent. – But, I have. – When did you sleep in a tent? – We slept in tents last summer at the seaside. | – Вы когда-либо спали в палатке?
– Нет, я никогда не ночевал в палатке. – А я ночевал. – Когда вы ночевали в палатке? – Мы ночевали в палатке прошлым летом на побережье. |
| – Have you ever climbed the mountains?
– No, I have never climbed the mountains. – I have already been to the mountains. – When were you there? – Oh, it was last spring. – Did you enjoy it? – Yes, greatly. | – Ты когда-либо лазал по горам?
– Нет, я никогда не лазал по горам. – А я уже был в горах. – Когда ты был в горах? – О, это было прошлой весной. – Тебе понравилось? – Да, очень. |
| – Have you learnt the new words yet?
– No, I haven’t learnt them yet. – Why haven’t you done it? – Our teacher hasn’t asked us to learn them. | – Ты уже выучил новые слова?
– Нет, я еще не выучил их еще. – Почему ты не сделал это? – Наш учитель не просил нас учит их. |
Use the correct tense forms in the dialogues.
– ________ you ever ________(travel) in a balloon?
– No, I _____ never ______(travel) in a balloon yet.
– And I _______ already ______(fly, flew, flown) in a balloon.
– When ________(to be) it?
– It ________(to be ) two years ago.
***
– _______ your friend ever ______(to hurt, hurt, hurt) you with words?
– It’s a pity but he __________.
– When ______ it __________(to happen)?
– It ________(to happen) last month but he didn’t want it, it happened by chance.
REFERENCE NOTE: to hurt – hurt – hurt; to fly – flew – flown
TRANSLATION PRACTICE:
– Вы когда-либо смотрели телевизор после полуночи?
– Да.
– Когда это было?
– Это было в прошлый Новый Год.
– Вы когда-либо ездили на поезде?
– Ты уже выучил Present Perfect? – Да.
– Нет, я еще не выучил это время. – Когда вы ездили на поезде?
– Когда вы начали изучать это время? – Я ездил на поезде прошлым летом.
– Мы начали изучать это время недавно (not long ago).
CONCLUSION: “WHEN…?” with reference to the past moment requires the use of the Past Simple Tense.
NOTICE: Part I of this material is meant for the initial introduction of the Present Perfect Tense for the third year English language learners.
Part II continues presentation of the Present Perfect Tense at a more advanced level.