Шесть шляп мышления как креативная методика преподавания иностранных языков

Урок английского языка в 11-м классе по теме: “Money makes the world go round…or does it?”

Технология урока: шесть шляп мышления, тонкие и толстые вопросы, ИНСЕРТ, перекрестная дискуссия, синквейн.

Цели: развитие монологической и диалогической речи учащихся с использованием новых выражений, формирование лингво-культурной компетенции учащихся.

Задачи урока:

• Образовательные:

  • Расширить кругозор по теме.

  • Реализовать межпредметные связи (история).

• Познавательные:

  • Развитие лингво-культурной компетенции.

  • Активизация лексики и лексико-грамматических конструкций по теме.

  • Ознакомление с “крылатыми” выражениями по предложенной теме.

• Воспитательные:

  • Поддерживать дух толерантности, принимая другие точки зрения.

  • Воспитывать умение внимательно слушать и слышать, уважать другое мнение.

  • Поддерживать других и быть к ним благожелательными.

• Развивающие:

  • Развивать способности к переключению уровней мышления (The Six Thinking Hats).

  • Развивать критическое мышление через чтение информационного текста.

  • Развивать умение работать в группе (компетентности: интеллектуальная, социальная).

Оборудование урока: аудиозапись песни “Money” звучит в начале и в конце урока в исполнении группы “Ленинград”; карточки с “крылатыми” выражениями; символы доллара и фунта стерлингов; шляпы шести цветов; карточки для учащихся.

ХОД УРОКА

“Money makes the world go round.”

Epigraph

(Звучит запись песни “Money”)

Стадия вызова (Evocation)

1. Teacher: Good morning, students. I’m sure that you know this song. Do you like it? I think it is an eternal problem. Money, or to be exact, the shortage of money. If only we had enough money!
Today we are going to speak about money again, not only about dollars and pounds, but also about our “wooden” roubles. Today we shall learn some new facts from the history of money and we shall try to answer some very important and controversial questions: “Does money really make the world go round? Can money make us happier?”

People work for money and they sometimes make friends for money; they love, live and die for money.
Why does money rule the world, why do people need money? These are the questions everyone would like to answer.

“Six thinking hats” method will help us to discuss this problem using different points of view. It is an important and powerful technique. It is used to look at decisions from a number of important perspectives.
This tool was created by Edward de Bono.
“Six thinking hats” is about improving communication and decision-making in groups. It helps to structure thinking and make it more effective. Suggestions, judgments, criticism, information and emotions are all mixed together. Each “Thinking Hat” is a different style of thinking.

1. The White Hat: calls for information, known or needed. “The facts, just the facts.”

2. The Red Hat: signifies feelings, hunches and intuition – the place where emotions are placed without explanation.

3. The Black Hat: signifies caution and critical thinking – do not overuse! Why something may not work.

4. The Yellow Hat: symbolizes brightness and optimism. You can explore the positives and probe for value and benefit.

5. The Green Hat: focuses on creativity, possibilities, alternatives and new ideas. It is an opportunity to express new concepts and new perceptions – lateral thinking could be used here.

6. The Blue Hat: is used to manage the thinking process and clarifies which kind of thinking is going on. It ensures that the “Six Thinking Hats” guidelines are observed.

Overall, thinking becomes clearer when the different parts that go into it are brought out into the open.
Why hats? You can find a traditional connection between thinking and hats in many English proverbs and idioms.
The idea of the “hat” has the advantage that it allows people to play with a new perspective. People who argue by criticism, for example, can remain mostly critical. But putting on the red hat, they can show their emotions, or by putting on the yellow hat, they can think about advantages. You can easily put on and take off your hat, so you can discuss a problem from different points of view. So, this method tries to make our discussion more rational and above all I found it very interesting to analyze a problem under the “hat” categories.

2. Teacher: We will continue speaking about money. We have already learnt some facts from the history of money, about things used as money in the past. Money is also closely connected with the economy. First of all, answer my questions:

– What is money?
– What is currency?
– What did people use as money in the past?
– What is the value of money?
– What are the main uses of money?
– Why does money rule the world?

Answers:

– Money is anything that is generally accepted by people in exchange for the things they sell or the work they do.
– The money in use in a country is called currency.
– In the past, people used rice, teeth, shells, salt, elephant tusks, tobacco.
– The value of money results from the fact that everyone will accept it as payment.
– The most important use of money is as a medium of exchange. Money serves as a unit of account. Money is a store of wealth.
– Money is nearly the main option for people to do business.

Teacher: And now here is a question which may seem surprising.
Do you like poetry?
Do you know many poems?
Can you compose poems yourselves?
Do you think it’s difficult to write poems? Let’s do it together.

If the weather isn’t sunny,
So you’ve got too little...(money).
When you travel England around,
Then you need not ruble, but...(pound).

If you fly to system solar,
You will surely need...(a dollar).

Of course, it’s a joke. This poem is not serious at all. But the topic of our conversation is, on the contrary, rather serious.

Стадия осмысления (Realization of meaning)

3. Teacher: We have learnt many facts from the history of the dollar and the pound.
Do you remember that according to the Oxford English Dictionary, “dollar” goes back to German thaler, while its sign is a simplified form of the Spanish peso (8>$).
In the pound, we see a reference to weighing. It corresponds to the Latin pondus (weight). Sterling points to the highest quality and a pound sterling is a coin of 20 shillings, represented by a golden sovereign.
Today, it’s time to learn something new. Let’s put on our white hats. On your desks you have sheets of paper with the text from which you may learn much interesting from the history of Russians coins. First of all you should read the text and then fill the table. There are four columns in the table.

This technique is called INSERT

I – interactive
N – noting
S – system
E – effective
R – reading
T – thinking

Text (см. Приложение 1).

Teacher: Now let’s discuss in groups.
What facts did you know before?
What new information have you found in the text?
Are there any facts in the text you don’t understand?

4. Teacher: The Longman Active Study Dictionary of English tells us that money refers to coins or paper notes with their value printed on them, given and taken in buying and selling.
Money can be associated both with coins and notes.
When we receive money regularly we think of it as income, pension, benefit, salary, allowance, grant or scholarships. One more aspect of money is shown through what we gain or lose in business. When we start a business we become interested in the finance, funding, subsidies, investments or capital. If one becomes a loser, he or even the company may become or go bankrupt, having no money; be broke or go broke.
Collocations are numerous: easy money, good money, made of money, money talks, money-maker, moneybags, etc. You can see that all of them contain the word “money”.
Now, I want to make sure you don’t forget the words and expressions on the topic money.
You can see a magic square on your desks. Try to find as many words as possible on the topic “money”. (См. Приложение 2)
The next task is very easy.
You can see some expressions and word-combinations connected with money.
Try to find out what they mean. (См. Приложение 3)

a) Group 1

Test your money expressions! Choose the correct option in the sentences below and say what each underlined money expression means.

They’re quite an unusual couple. She earns a fortune as a lawyer. So when they had a baby, he gave up his job. Now she’s the main breadwinner/breadmaker, while he stays at home to look after the children.
Last year I inherited some money from my grandmother, but I haven’t spent it yet. I’m saving it; for a wet day/a rainy day.
“Have you got any wealthy friends?” “No, all my friends are broken/broke like me.”
“Did you hear about Alan winning 2,000 last week?” “No! Lucky thing! What’s he going to do with it?” “Oh, you know Alan. He’s, already thrown it/blown it on a weekend in New York.”
You’ve been wearing the same suit for years. Don’t you think it’s time you splashed out/rushed out on some new clothes?
“Number 28 is for sale.” “How much for?” “I don’t know, but it’s the biggest house in the street, and they’ve got a swimming pool, sauna and jacuzzi.” It must be worth a fortune/a goldmine.

Key: a) breadwinner; b) for a rainy day; c) broke; d) blown; e) splashed out; f) a fortune

b) Group 2

Underline the most suitable word or phrase.

a) I haven’t got enough money, I’m afraid. Could you borrow/lend me some?
b) This car is too expensive. We can’t afford/pay it.
c) There’s a small flat to hire/let in Bridge Street.
d) How much do you earn/gain in your new job?
e) Jack made his fortune/treasure buying and selling property.
f) How much do you reckon/value that house would cost?

Key: a) lend; b) afford; c) let; d) earn; e) fortune; f) reckon

c) Money is a very important thing for people, that is why there are a lot of proverbs and sayings about money. We have already learnt some of them. On your desks you can see some proverbs written on dollar bills, but their beginnings and endings are written on different halves. Try to match them. Make the right choice. Find Russian equivalents. Choose and explain the meaning of the proverb you like most of all. (См. Приложение 4)

d) It is time to check up your grammar and of course add some new facts about money.

Group 1. Read the text. Use the words given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits the space in the same line. The origins of money. (См. Приложение 5)

Group 2. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits in the space in the same line. Money, money, money. (См. Приложение 6)

5. Teacher: It is time to play the game called “Chain of events.” Use the second conditional and don’t forget that you should start your own sentence from the previous one.

Group 1. You should start your chain of events with the words: “If I were a millionaire…”

Group 2. The beginning of your chain is “If I won $1 million in a lottery…”

Example:

If I won $1 million in a lottery, I would buy an island.
If I bought an island, I would build a big house there.
If I built a big house, I would invite all my friends.
If I invited all my friends, I would have parties every day.
If I had parties every day, I would spend all my money.
If I spent all my money, I would buy a lottery ticket again.

6. Teacher: There is a money tree on my table. As you can see it has dollar bills instead of leaves. Choose the bill, discuss the question written on the back of it and give your answer.

Questions:

– Is it possible to have too much money?
– Would you prefer fame or fortune?
– If you could buy yourself a skill, talent or change in your appearance, what would it be?
– Is there something you own that’s worth a fortune?
– Where would you enjoy blowing ?2,000 in a weekend?
– Do you agree that having a lot of money makes you free?
– Do you agree that all the millionaires are miserable people?
– What can’t money buy?
– Do you agree that muck and money go together?
– Do you agree with the proverb “Much will have more?”
– Is a person really rich “that has few wants”?
– Why do many rich people suffer from nervous breakdowns or drug and alcohol problems?

These phrases may help. (См. Приложение 7)

7. Teacher: It is time to come to a conclusion. Let’s make a list of advantages and disadvantages of money.

8. Teacher: We have already discussed advantages and disadvantages of money. And now I have a very unusual question: “Would you give away all your money to charities if you were a millionaire?”
It is unbelievable but there is a man who doesn’t want to be rich at all. Let’s read the text about him and discuss this controversial issue. (См. Приложение 8)

9. Teacher: Imagine that you are allowed to have some of the gifts for your birthday. Choose three gifts which you think are the most important or useful, and three which are the least important or useful.

• good health;

• plenty of money;

• a nice house;

• a brilliant mind;

• an attractive face;

• lots of adventure;

• lots of friends;

• a good job;

• a fast car;

• a happy marriage;

• a long life;

• an artistic talent.

Compare your choice with other people in your group and agree on three most important gifts.

The phrases may help:

Which is the most important for you?
I think the most important thing in life is…
I think it’s much more useful/important to have that…
…isn’t as important as…
The one thing I’d like to have is…
The one I think is most/least important is…
Write a group list and then a class list.
So we can conclude that money is not on the first place.

Стадия рефлексии (Reflection)

10. Teacher: Make up cinquains about money. If you forget what it is, I’ll remind you. It is a kind of poem, which consists of 5 lines (this word has French origin; cinq means five in French). The first line is a general word, the second line consists of two adjectives which describe this word, the third line includes 3 verbs on the topic, the fourth line is the main idea of your “ poem” (it must consist of 3-4 words) and the last line is a synonym of the general word (money). Make up as many cinquains as you can. All your cinquains will be different. Read aloud your cinquains when you are ready.

Examples.

Pupils’ cinquains.

Подведение итогов урока

12. Teacher: The topic of our conversation today was very serious. We have spoken much about money and we have discussed the problem of having or not having it using different points of view. I’d like to thank you for your good work at the lesson. I give excellent marks to..., good – to …, etc. I wish you be healthy and wealthy. The lesson is over. Good-bye!

Приложение 1

RUSSIAN COINS

In the past, scientists thought that for many centuries only leather and furs were used in ancient Russia as money. But now it is known that silver money was also used.
In the 12th–14th centuries almost all the coins disappeared in Russia. It happened because Russia was at war with the German Knights and the Mongol-Tartars at the same time. So normal trade and economic ties with both the West and the East were broken. People began to hide money not to pay it to the Mongol-Tartars, that’s why archaeologists to this day find a lot of coins from that period.
In the 14th century some Russian principalities began to make their own silver coins. The coins weighed as much as one rouble. In ancient Russia the word “rouble” meant a silver piece which weighed 200 grammes. The coins were called denga. Now we use this word as dengi and it means “money”. It was difficult to use them in the country as there were more than 25 cities, so money and coins were different in different cities.
In 1534 a single monetary system was introduced by the Russian state. It showed that the long process of unification of the country was over. A new coin – a silver Kopeck – was made. In the 17th century, Peter the Great began to rule the country and made many changes in Russia, and one of them was a new monetary system. A silver rouble became the main coin, there were 10 Kopeck and 5 Kopeck coins.
In 1769 the first Russian paper money appeared. When World War I began, all the gold and silver coins disappeared and only paper money was used at that time.

Приложение 2

Key: currency, pension, account, cash, salary, coin, note, wealth, poverty, tax, tip, wage

Приложение 3

Key: 1. h; 2. j; 3. i; 4. e; 5. g; 6. a; 7. d; 8. f; 9. c; 10. b

Приложение 4

Proverbs About Money:

1. Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of themselves. Денежка к денежке – оно и капитал.

2. Money burns a hole in the pocket. Деньги горят в руках.

3. Money has no smell. Деньги не пахнут.

4. Money is a good servant but a bad master. Умный человек – хозяин деньгам, а скупой – слуга.

5. Money often unmakes the men who make it. Богатый совести не купит, а свою погубит. В аду не быть – богатства не нажить.

6. Poverty is in want of much, avarice of everything. Бедному нужно многое, жадному – все.

7. A great fortune is a great slavery. Больше денег – больше хлопот. Богатому не спится, он вора боится.

8. Muck and money go together. Грязь и деньги ходят рядом.

9. Lend your money and lose you friend. Хочешь потерять друга, одолжи ему денег Друга не теряй – денег не давай.

10. A friend in court is better than a penny in purse. Дружба дороже денег. Был бы друг, а деньги будут. Доброе братство милее богатства.

11. A penny saved is a penny gained. Не истратил – все равно, что заработал. Неистраченные деньги – приобретение.

12. A light purse makes a heavy heart. Хуже всех бед, когда денег нет. Хлеба ни куска, так в горле тоска.

13. A bargain is a bargain. Уговор дороже денег.

14. Time is money. Время – деньги.

15. Money makes the world go round. Деньги правят миром.

16. A good name is better than riches. Лучше быть бедняком, чем разбогатеть с грехом.

17. Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain. Расходы на обучение всегда окупаются.

18. A heavy purse makes a light heart. Есть звякнуть, можно и крякнуть.

Приложение 5

The Origins of Money

Key: 1. wealthiest; 2. valuable; 3. sale; 4. researchers; 5. identified; 6. possibility; 7. buildings; 8. specialists; 9. probably; 10. Gradually; 11. weights; 12. descriptions; 13. richest; 14. simpler

Приложение 6

Money, Money, Money

Key: 1. wealthy; 2. luxurious; 3. generosity; 4. savings; 5. insurance; 6. profitable; 7. cashier; 8. loan; 9. worthless; 10. signature

Приложение 7

These phrases may help

after all as for me as a rule as far as I know by the way for example in a word in other words in short it goes without saying on the one (other) hand that’s why to speak frankly to tell you the truth on the contrary to begin with I would like to add from my point of view in fact

в конце концов что касается меня как правило насколько я знаю кстати например одним словом другими словами короче само собой разумеется с одной (другой) стороны поэтому говоря откровенно по правде говоря напротив начнем с я бы хотел добавить с моей точки зрения фактически

Приложение 8

“Who wants to be a millionaire? I don’t”, says Charles Gray

Sixteen years ago, Charles was a college professor with a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune of $2 million. Today he lives in a small caravan with only second-hand furniture. There are certainly no signs that Charles was once a rich man! There is a small garden outside with a few fruit trees. Charles grows some vegetables and a few flowers. He gets his clothes and a lot of other things from charity shops.
But this change is not a tragedy. Charles was happy to give up the lifestyle of a rich man. He was tired of being a person who had everything in a world where many people have nothing. He made the choice to give all his money away. And this, he says, has brought him happiness. “A few years ago,” says Charles, “I was a millionaire, but I knew there were a lot of hungry people in the world.” So he gave away all his money to charities. When he had two thousand dollars left, he gave away small bank notes in the streets of local poor neighbourhoods. Did he feel like Father Christmas? “It was a lot of fun,” says Charles.
Charles believes that many people want to earn a lot of money so that they will not have any worries. However, most people never make much money. Charles Gray decided to drop out and has discovered that having only a little money makes you free. Are there any things he misses? “No, I’m much happier now. I wouldn’t go back to being rich for anything – no way”.

And what do you think? Do you agree with Charles Gray that ‘having only a little money makes you free’?

caravan second-hand charity lifestyle choice to give away local area to earn to drop out to miss no way

фургон подержанный, бывший в употреблении благотворительность; благотворительный образ жизни выбор раздавать, отдавать. (When he had two thousand dollars left. Когда у него осталось две тысячи долларов.) местный район зарабатывать здесь: поменять образ жизни, бросить прежнюю жизнь скучать, тосковать ни в коем случае