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Предлагаем вам дополненный вариант одного из разделов справочного пособия В.Н. Павлова “Основы грамматики и речевые образцы американского варианта английского языка” (“English” №№27, 28/1997).

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ НАРЕЧИЙ В СЕРЕДИНЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ

Положительные наречия: ever, always, finally, just, probably, now, still, yet, usually, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally, already, then, also; отрицательные наречия и наречия со скрытым отрицанием: seldom, rarely, hardly ever, never и другие часто употребляются в середине предложения.
Наречия ever, always, finally, just, probably, а также отрицательные наречия обычно употребляются только в середине предложения. Остальные наречия могут быть также в начале или в конце предложения.
Наречия в середине предложения употребляются преимущественно в следующих случаях:

(1) после временных форм глагола to be (am, is, are, was, were).

I am always on time for class.
She is now a college director.
Robert was probably at home last night.
Is Tom usually at home in the evening?

(2) между подлежащим и сказуемым, если сказуемое состоит из одного слова.

I often meet him (AmE meet with him).
She sometimes goes to the cinema (AmE movies).
They now have a car.
We frequently have company for dinner.
Do you usually study at the library?

(3) между модальным и смысловым глаголом.

You may also help solve the problem.
He could never get the words out in time.
It can often be used in official papers.
Can you always find Ann at home in the evening?

(4) между первым и вторым элементами временных форм.

She is probably sleeping.
I am never going to do that again.
You will seldom get a direct “no” from an Arab.
I have never been asked about it.
The house is now being built.
I felt I had always been mean to him.
Have they finally finished their work?

В отрицательных предложениях наречия ever, even, always обычно следуют за отрицанием.

He is not ever on time.
Mary doesn’t even know I am at home.
She doesn’t always eat breakfast.

Другие наречия обычно употребляются до отрицания.

She usually doesn’t eat breakfast.
They still didn’t know how to do it.

(5) После частицы to инфинитива.

My rule is to never trust him.
He used to always believe every word I said.
People sometimes forget to ever return what they have borrowed.
Special tools are required to properly measure the tension of this belt.

(После частицы to может быть также прилагательное в сравнительной степени.)

Business schools are developing new courses to better prepare students.
It is necessary to further improve your English.

EXERCISE:

Add the word (words) in italics to the sentence. Put the word in its usual midsentence position. Make any necessary changes.

1. finally The semester is over.
2. probably Brian knows the right answer.
3. now I can see it.
4. always I will remember you.
5. often Our classroom is too hot.
6. finally Jane has finished her composition.
7. currently It is reported that the hostages have been freed.
8. just A truck has backed into her new car.
9. always The press is complaining about bribery.
10. barely I have had enough time to do it.
11. now He is being treated in the hospital.
12. already I will have left by the time you get up.
13. usually The mail is delivered sometime between noon and one o’clock.
14. sometimes Do you feel homesick?
15. usually When do you go to bed?
16. now Can we declare a winner?
17. ever Has your grandfather flown in an aeroplane (Am.E. airplane)?
18. generally I don’t stay up late. I go to bed early.
19. never You shouldn’t allow children to play with matches.
20. probably Susan won’t come to the party. She will stay home.
21. frequently My teacher of English came to class late last semester.
22. seldom Jack doesn’t write letters.
23. always I don’t go by bus to school.
24. never Jerry doesn’t ride his bicycle to his office.
25. usually Tom doesn’t shave in the morning.
26. ever My roommate isn’t home in the evening.
27. hardly ever Paul isn’t in a bad mood.
28. seldom The temperature doesn’t drop below zero in this city.
29. finally I am glad to meet you.
30. now/at least He has a chance to win $20 at cards.

ANSWERS:

1. is finally over 2. Brian probably knows 3. can now see 4. will always remember 5. is often too 6. has finally finished 7. is currently reported 8. has just backed 9. is always complaining 10. have barely had 11. is now being 12. will already have 13. is usually delivered 14. you sometimes feel 15. you usually go 16. we now declare 17. grandfather ever flown 18. I generally don’t/generally go 19. should never allow 20. Susan probably won’t/will probably stay 21. teacher of English frequently came 22. Jack seldom writes 23. don’t always go 24. Jerry never rides 25. Tom usually doesn’t 26. isn’t ever home 27. is hardly ever in 28. temperature seldom drops 29. to finally meet 30. He now has/to at least win.

By Vladimir Pavlov
The Moscow Institute of Business Administration